Regarding a man who contracted a marriage to a woman and paid her the full mahr (dowry), then he divorced her before consummation: Is he entitled to reclaim the entire mahr? And if he were to reclaim it, would he be sinful?<\/p>\n
Al-Im\u0101m Ibn B\u0101z (rahimahull\u0101h) stated: <\/p>\n
Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, has clarified in His Noble Book that if a husband divorces his wife before consummation, then he is entitled to half of the mahr, and not all of it. Allah, the Most High, said:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0637\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0648\u064e\u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0636\u064e\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064e\u0646\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0641\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0641\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0630\u0650\u064a \u0628\u0650\u064a\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u064f\u0642\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062d\u0650<\/p>\n
\u201cAnd if you divorce them before you have touched them, and you have already specified for them an obligation (a dowry), then for you is half of what you specified\u2014unless they give up the right, or the one in whose hand is the marriage tie gives it up.\u201d (Al-Baqarah 2:237)<\/p>\n
So the husband is entitled to half, and the woman is entitled to half if he divorces her before intimacy\u2014that is, before consummation, before sexual relations, and before seclusion with her. Seclusion (khalwah) is treated as consummation, as was ruled by the Rightly Guided Caliphs (may Allah be pleased with them), because it is a situation in which intimacy is presumed.<\/p>\n
Therefore, if he divorces her before consummation and before [actual] seclusion where they are alone together, then he is entitled to half of the mahr. But if he divorces her after consummation or after seclusion, then he is entitled to nothing\u2014the mahr belongs to her in full.<\/p>\n
Likewise, whatever accompanies the mahr\u2014such as gifts given because of the marriage, or what is customarily given to the woman on the night of consummation as part of the marriage\u2014then this follows the ruling of the mahr, according to the prevailing custom.<\/p>\n
However, if they disagree and dispute, and the woman requests divorce, and they come to a mutual settlement upon something, then there is no harm in that. This is known as khul\u02bf. So if she asks for divorce, or they agree upon divorce in return for half of the mahr, or a third of the mahr, or less or more than that, or even that she returns all of the wealth to him and he divorces her\u2014then there is no problem with this. This is called khul\u02bf.<\/p>\n
The intent here is that divorce before consummation and before valid seclusion results in the mahr being shared equally, if a mahr was specified.<\/p>\n
However, if no mahr was specified, then she is entitled only to a parting gift (mut\u02bfah). He gives her a gift according to what Allah has made easy for him\u2014such as clothing or money\u2014giving her provision as a gesture of kindness, and nothing more. Allah the Most High said:<\/p>\n
\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0637\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n
\u201cO you who believe! When you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them, then there is no \u02bfiddah for you to count for them. So provide for them and release them in a gracious manner.\u201d
And Allah the Most High said:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0628\u0650\u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0650 \u062d\u064e\u0642\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e<\/p>\n
\u201cAnd for divorced women there is a provision according to what is customary\u2014a duty upon the righteous.\u201d
So if he divorces her before consummation and before seclusion, and no mahr was specified, then he gives her only a parting gift. She has no mahr\u2014only this parting gift\u2014due to the noble verse:<\/p>\n
\u064a\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0630\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0622\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0650\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062b\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0637\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0647\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646\u0652 \u0639\u0650\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064d \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e\u0647\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0631\u0651\u0650\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0647\u064f\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0633\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064e\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n
\u201cO you who believe! When you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them\u2026\u201d
This verse in S\u016brat al-Ahz\u0101b clarifies that the woman divorced before consummation\u2014and likewise before seclusion\u2014when no mahr was specified, is entitled to a parting gift.<\/p>\n
But if a mahr was specified, then she is given half of it, as mentioned in the verse of S\u016brat al-Baqarah. And if he gives her a mut\u02bfah in addition to the half-mahr, then this is from excellence and goodness, due to the general statement of Allah:<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0637\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064c<\/p>\n
\u201cAnd for divorced women there is a provision\u2026\u201d
So if he gives her the half-mahr and also provides her with clothing, extra money, or something else that benefits her, then this is from kindness and good conduct.<\/p>\n
It is reported that al-Hasan ibn \u02bfAl\u012b (may Allah be pleased with him) divorced two of his wives, and he sent each of them a provision valued at ten thousand (dirhams or dinars). One of them accepted it and said, \u201cMay Allah reward him with goodness,\u201d and remained silent. The other said, \u201cA small gift from a departing beloved.\u201d When her words reached him, he proposed to her again and took her back. May Allah have mercy upon him and be pleased with him.<\/p>\n
So the point is that the parting gift contains goodness, and within it is consolation for the hardship, because divorce is a hardship and a calamity. Thus, if he consoles her\u2014along with the half-mahr\u2014by what is customary and good; or if he gives her the full mahr and takes nothing back as a means of consoling her; or if he takes only the half yet gives her additional provision such as clothing, extra money, a house, land, or a servant (in the times when bonded servants existed), or a female servant owned by him\u2014then all of this falls under good provision, noble conduct, and the highest standards of character.<\/p>\n
Abu Khadeejah.<\/p>\n
Audio source: <\/p>\n<\/figure>\nArabic:<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0647.
![\"Marriage\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ex8qd949e83.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Marriage-Abu-Khadeejah-678x381.png?resize=678%2C381&ssl=1\" "\\"Marriage")